(380).V. Piatnitskii, Zagovor protiv Stalina（Moscow, 1998）, p. 198.
(381).Golgofa, p. 9.
(382).J. Haslam, ,Political Opposition to Stalin and the Origins of the Terror, 1932–1936, , Historical Journal, vol. 29, no. 2（June 1986）, p. 412. See also same author, ,The Soviet Union, the Comintern and the Demise of the Popular Front, 1936–39, , in H. Graham and O. Preston（eds.）, The Popular Front in Europe（London, 1987）, pp. 152–60; K. McDermott, ,Stalinist Terror in the Comintern: New Perspectives, , Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 30, no. 1（January 1995）, pp. 111–30.
(383).The Diary of Georgi Dimitrov, 1933–1949（New Haven, 2003）, p. 110; McDermott, ,Stalinist Terror, , p. 118.
(384).B. Starkov, ,The Trial That Was Not Held, , Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 46, no. 8（1994）, p. 1303.
(385).Golgofa, pp. 20, 21, 24; interviews with Vladimir Piatnitsky, St Petersburg, September 2005.
(386).Golgofa, pp. 62–3.
(387).Ibid., pp. 25, 39–40.
(388).Ibid., pp. 26, 34; interviews with Vladimir Piatnitsky, St Petersburg, September 2005.
(389).M. Ellman, ,Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments, , Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 54, no. 7（November 2002）; H. Kuromiya, ,Accounting for the Great Terror, , Jahbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 53（2005）, p. 88; A. Applebaum, Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps（London, 2003）, pp. 516, 519. The figures for 1929–32 are from V. Popov, ,Gosudarstvennyi terror v sovetskoi Rossii. 1923–1953 gg., , Otechestvennyi arkhiv, 1992, no. 2, p. 28.
(390).J. Getty, Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet Communist Party Reconsidered, 1933–1938（Cambridge, 1985）.
(391).P. Solomon, Soviet Criminal Justice Under Stalin（Cambridge, Mass., 1996）, chap. 5; O. Khlevniuk, ,The Politburo, Penal Policy and ,,Legal Reforms,,in the 1930s, , in P. Solomon（ed.）, Reforming Justice in Russia, 1864–1996: Power, Culture, and the Limits of Legal Order（Armonk, 1997）, pp. 190–206.
(392).J. Getty, , ,,Excesses Are Not Permitted,, : Mass Terror and Stalinist Governance in the Late 1930s, , Russian Review, 61（2002）, no. 1, pp. 113–38.
(393).S. Fitzpatrick, ,Varieties of Terror, , in same author（ed.）, Stalinism: New Directions（London, 2000）, p. 258. For a similar view: B. McLoughlin and K. McDermott, ,Rethinking Stalinist Terror, , in same authors（eds.）, Stalin, s Terror: High Politics and Mass Repression in the Soviet Union（New York, 2003）, pp. 1–18.
(394).O. Khlevniuk, ,The Reasons for the ,,Great Terror,, : The Foreign Political Aspect, , Annali della Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, vol. 34（1998）, pp. 163ff.; same author, ,The Objectives of the Great Terror, 1937–38, , in J. Cooper, M. Perrie and E. Rees（eds.）, Soviet History, 1917–1953: Essays in Honour of R. W. Davies（London, 1995）, pp. 158–76. 另可參見H. Kuromiya, ,Accounting for the Great Terror, ，我從中借鑑引用了候面的段落。
(395).Kuromiya, ,Accounting for the Great Terror, , p. 94; S. Payne, The Spanish Civil War, the Soviet Union, and Communism（New Haven, 2004）, p. 309.
(396).S. Allilueva, Twenty Letters to a Friend（London, 1967）, pp. 88–9; J. Getty and O. Naumov, The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939（New Haven, 1999）, pp. 157, 256–7.
(397).V. Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom（London, 1947）, p. 213.
(398).V. Rogovin, Partiia rasstreliannykh（Moscow, 1997）, pp. 487–9; Reabilitatsia. Kak eto bylo, 3 vols.（Moscow, 2000–2004）, vol. 1, p. 30; O. Suvenirov, Tragediia RKKA, 1938–1938（Moscow, 1998）, p. 315.
(399).Istochnik, 1994, no. 3, p. 80; N. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers（London, 1971）, p. 283;M. Jansen and N. Petrov, Stalin, s Loyal Executioner: People, s Commissar Nikolai Ezhov, 1895–1940（Stanford, 2002）, pp. 89, 201.
(400).F. Chuev, Sto sorok besed s Molotovym（Moscow, 1991）, pp. 390, 413; Piatnitskii, Zagovor protiv Stalina, p. 65; Kuromiya, ,Accounting for the Great Terror, , p. 96.
(401).Tragediia sovetskoi derevni: kollektivizatsiia i raskulachivanie. Dokumenty i materialy, 5 vols.（Moscow, 1999–2004）, vol. 5: 1937–1939, Part 1, 1937, pp. 32, 33, 46, 54, 387; Kuromiya, ,Accounting for the Great Terror, , pp. 92–3.
(402).N. Petrov and A. Roginskii, , ,,Pol, skaia operatsiia,,NKVD 1937–1938 gg., , in L. Eremina（ed.）Repressii protiv poliakov i pol, skikh grazhdan（Moscow, 1996）, pp. 40–43. 關於“國家行冻”作為“種族清洗”的形式，參見：T. Martin, The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939（Ithaca, 2001）, pp. 328–43.
(403).V. Garros, N. Korenevskaya and T. Lahusen（eds.）, Intimacy and Terror（New York, 1995）, p. 357.
(404).Interview with Vladimir Piatnitsky, St Petersburg, September 2005.
(405).R. Thurston, Life and Terror in Stalin, s Russia（New Haven, 1996）, pp. 72–7.
(406).V. Frid, 58?: zapiski lagernogo pridurka（Moscow, 1996）, p. 91.
(407).Interview with Viacheslav Kolobkov, St Petersburg, May 2004.
(408).E. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind（New York, 1967）, pp. 21–2.
(409).E. Bonner, Mothers and Daughters（London, 1992）, p. 263.
(410).MP, f. 4, op. 4, d. 2, ll. 2, 25; op. 5, d. 5, ll. 3–4; L. Il, ina, Moi otets protiv NKVD（St Petersburg, 1998）, pp. 16–21.
(411).MSP, f. 3, op. 12, d. 2, ll. 35–40, 116–17.
(412).SFA, I. Slavina, ,Tonen, kii nerv istorii, , ms., pp. 9–13.
(413).R. Conquest, The Great Terror: A Reassessment（London, 1992）, pp. 75, 87, 89, 127.
(414).V. Bronshtein, ,Stalin and Trotsky, s Relatives in Russia, , in T. Brotherstone and P. Dukes（eds.）, The Trotsky Reappraisal（Edinburgh, 1992）, pp. 8–15.
(415).Getty and Naumov, The Road to Terror, pp. 486–7; Chuev, Sto sorok besed, p. 415.
(416).Golgofa, p. 29.
(417).See also MSP, f. 3, op. 34, d. 2; MP, f. 4, op. 16, dd. 2, 3.
(418).Golgofa, pp. 31, 34, 35–6, 43, 45; interview with Vladimir Piatnitsky, St Petersburg, August 2005.
(419).Golgofa, p. 37.
(420).M. Prishvin, ,Dnevnik 1937 goda, , Oktiabr, , 1995, no. 9, p. 168.
(421).Conquest, The Great Terror, p. 256; M. Prishvin and V. Prishvin, My s toboi. Dnevnik liubvi（Moscow, 1996）, p. 13.
(422).MP, f. 4, op. 25, d. 2, ll. 9–10.
(423).MSP, f. 3, op. 8, d. 2, l. 9.
(424).MP, f. 4, op. 6, d. 2, ll. 18, 37.
(425).E. Gerstein, Moscow Memoirs（London, 2004）, p. 79.
(426).MM, f. 12, op. 14, d. 2, ll. 15–16.
(427).MM, f. 12, op. 7, d. 2, l. 23.
(428).Gerstein, Moscow Memoirs, p. 214.
(429).MP, f. 4, op. 8. d. 2, l. 22.
